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Anatomy
Nasopharynx:
- anterior
ethmoid nerve
- sphenopalatine
ganglion
Techniques:
- Pledgetts
to area
- Nasal
trumpets
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Oropharynx:
-
glossopharyngeal
nerve
Techniques:
- Sprays,
atomizers, nebulizers
Hypopharynx:
-
superior
laryngeal nerve
Techniques:
- Nerve
block
- Application
of anesthetic to piriform fossae
Trachea:
-
vagus
nerve
Techniques:
- Translaryngeal
injection
- "Spray
as you go" through the fiberoptic scope
- "Drip
from above" via nasopharynx, nebulization
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Local
Anesthetic Agents
Lidocaine:
- 2%
viscous solution (swish through mouth, coat nasal trumpets)
-
5% ointment (apply to tongue, oropharynx using tongue blade)
- 4%
solution (spray, atomize, nebulize, inject into trachea)
- 2%
solution (superior laryngeal, glossopharyngeal nerve block)
Cocaine:
- 4%
solution (soak q-tips, pledgetts for nasal application/vasoconstriction)
Benzocaine, other oral sprays:
- apply
to tongue, oropharynx
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